She also resolutely refused to sign the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). In an effort to split the Akali Dal and gain popular support among the Sikhs, Gandhi's Congress Party helped to bring the orthodox religious leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale to prominence in Punjab politics. [51][52][53][54][note 1] In the elections held for State assemblies across India in March 1972, the Congress (R) swept to power in most states riding on the post-war "Indira wave". The US Embassy here lauded Indira as one of its international women of courage in recognition of her legal challenge against the unilateral conversion of her three children, and her efforts to reunite with Prasana. The nationalisation drive not only helped to increase household savings, but it also provided considerable investments in the informal sector, in small- and medium-sized enterprises, and in agriculture, and contributed significantly to regional development and to the expansion of India's industrial and agricultural base. She also did not say ’yes’ to the proposal easily. [100], The day before her death (30 October 1984), Gandhi visited Odisha where she gave her last speech at the then Parade Ground in front of the Secretariat of Odisha. She had a rocky start after agreeing to devalue the rupee which created hardship for Indian businesses and consumers. [166] North India was at the centre of the reforms. She said: "There is a lot of talk about our government not being clean, but from our experience the situation was very much worse when [opposition] parties were forming governments. [154], In the early 1980s under Gandhi, India attempted to reassert its prominent role in the Non-Aligned Movement by focusing on the relationship between disarmament and economic development. Following the 1967 elections, Gandhi gradually began to move towards socialist policies. "Indira Gandhi." The bullets were matched with their respective weapons at the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) Delhi. [76] In response to her arrest, Gandhi's supporters hijacked an Indian Airlines jet and demanded her immediate release. Gandhi resented the US policy of food aid being used as a tool to force India to adopt policies favoured by the US. [200] Gandhi responded by having a Presidential proclamation issued; de-recognising the princes; with this withdrawal of recognition, their claims to privy purses were also legally lost. [25] At Oxford, she did well in history, political science and economics, but her grades in Latin—a compulsory subject—remained poor. Danilewitz, J., 1998. Indian diplomats hoped to win Arab support in countering Pakistan in Kashmir. Gandhi was known for her anti-communist stance in the 1950s, with Meghnad Desai even describing her as "the scourge of [India's] Communist Party. Longowal said "Whenever the situation becomes ripe for settlement, some violent incident takes place. [105] The shooting occurred as she was walking past a wicket gate guarded by the two men. [132] Gandhi's relationship with the military regimes was strained because of her alleged support of anti-Islamist leftist guerrilla forces in Bangladesh. Suzuki of Japan was selected as the partner. [166] The government was also successful in procuring houses for landless labourers; According to Francine Frankel, three-fourths of the targeted four million houses was achieved in 1975 alone. The operation badly damaged or destroyed parts of the Temple complex, including the Akal Takht shrine and the Sikh library. "[230] Another historian recounts Indira's comparison of herself to Joan of Arc: "Indira developed a fascination for Joan of Arc, telling her aunt, 'Someday I am going to lead my people to freedom just as Joan of Arc did'! [46], Garibi Hatao (Eradicate Poverty) was the resonant theme for Gandhi's 1971 political bid. [125] India's new hegemonic position, as articulated under the "Indira Doctrine", led to attempts to bring the Himalayan states under India's sphere of influence. I have to do a great deal of touring in order to set up the Congress Party Women's Section, and am on numerous important committees. He had then obtained custody orders for the children from the Sharia court. "[169] Her campaign slogan, Garibi Hatao ('Remove Poverty'), has become an often used motto of the Indian National Congress Party. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: [ˈɪndɪɾa ˈɡaːndʱi] (listen); née Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. [226] Unsurprisingly, a lot of her involvement stemmed from her father. [6] In 1980, she returned to power after free and fair elections. Step By Step Guide to Apply, Online Application Form PDF and Guidelines of Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY), Maternity Nutrition Scheme 2021. Whither Indian Polity?. "Indira Gandhi had since long been planning for an attack on Darbar Sahib..." Harjinder Singh Dilgeer (2012). [166] She justified the imposition of the state of emergency in 1975 in the name of the socialist mission of the Congress. Gandhi was cremated on 3 November near Raj Ghat. While this statement appears paradoxical, it reflects Gandhi's complex feelings toward her gender and feminism. 3 November 1994. [150], The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of mainly former British colonies. Dr. Harjinder Singh Dilgeer stated that she attacked the temple complex to present herself as a great hero in order to win the general elections planned towards the end of 1984. [179], The economic period of 1967–75 became significant for its major wave of nationalisation amidst increased regulation of the private sector. In 1969, she fell out with senior Congress party leaders over several issues. "[138][139], India's relationship with Pakistan remained strained following the Shimla Accord in 1972. [45], Some other objectives of the economic plan for the period were to provide for the minimum needs of the community through a rural works program and the removal of the privy purses of the nobility. [95] In 1982, Bhindranwale and approximately 200 armed followers moved into a guest house called the Guru Nanak Niwas near the Golden Temple. The Gandhi family, however, continues to be a central force in Indian politics. They got married following a Hindu ceremony; even though Sonia was Italian. [212] In 1974, India successfully conducted an underground nuclear test, unofficially code named "Smiling Buddha", near the desert village of Pokhran in Rajasthan. [215] As the world was quiet about this test, a vehement protest came from Pakistan as its prime minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, described the test as "Indian hegemony" to intimidate Pakistan. Accordingly, Ahmed declared a State of Emergency caused by internal disorder, based on the provisions of Article 352(1) of the Constitution, on 25 June 1975. IGP seeks to dismiss Indira Gandhi’s lawsuit for compensation, cites High Court’s evaluation of efforts to find abducted daughter, After police miss 79 previous filings, High Court orders full report on efforts to find Indira Gandhi’s daughter, arrest fugitive ex-spouse, Twelve years on, Indira Gandhi still waiting to spend Deepavali with her youngest daughter. [197], In 1972, Gandhi granted statehood to Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura, while the North-East Frontier Agency was declared a union territory and renamed Arunachal Pradesh. Jawaharlal Nehru would later become independent India’s first prime minister. About Indira Gandhi. The Janata Party's democracy or dictatorship claim seemed to resonate with the public. [222] Her egalitarian upbringing with her cousins helped contribute to her sense of natural equality. [137] Nevertheless, Gandhi rejected demands to invade Sri Lanka in the aftermath of Black July 1983, an anti-Tamil pogrom carried out by Sinhalese mobs. In one of the early interviews she gave as prime minister, Gandhi had ruminated: "I suppose you could call me a socialist, but you have understand what we mean by that term ... we used the word [socialism] because it came closest to what we wanted to do here – which is to eradicate poverty. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi was born in the northern Indian city of Allahabad on November 19, 1917. The cross examination was conducted by Shri Pran Nath Lekhi, the defence counsel. The company launched its first Indian manufactured car in 1984. [174][175] In light of the circumstances, liberalisation became politically suspect and was soon abandoned. Gandhi declared the people of Indian origin settled in Africa as "Ambassadors of India". "[124] Relations with the U.S. became distant as Gandhi developed closer ties with the Soviet Union after the war. [145] The progressive Arab regimes in Egypt, Syria, and Algeria chose to remain neutral, while the conservative pro-American Arab monarchies in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and United Arab Emirates openly supported Pakistan. She was the only daughter of … ― Picture courtesy of M. Indira Gandhi. She has been described by Hindustan Times columnist, Pankaj Vohra, as "arguably the greatest mass leader of the last century. Soon afterwards, the Congress party split again with Gandhi floating her own Congress faction. "From Navnirman to the anti-Mandal riots: the political trajectory of Gujarat (1974–1985)." The assailants had fired 31 bullets at her, of which 30 hit her; 23 had passed through her body while seven remained inside her. She had initially planned to go on a hunger strike to compel a meeting with the IGP. Chief among them was her decision to support V. V. Giri, the independent candidate rather than the official Congress party candidate Neelam Sanjiva Reddy for the vacant position of president of India. In 1999, Gandhi was named "Woman of the Millennium" in an online poll organised by the BBC. [19] She and her mother Kamala moved to the Belur Math headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission where Swami Ranganathananda was her guardian. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: Boston: Shankar, A. Indira Gandhi Essay is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. Case Study: Smt. [99], After several futile negotiations, in June 1984, Gandhi ordered the Indian army to enter the Golden Temple to remove Bhindranwale and his supporters from the complex. Gandhi did not make a special effort to appoint women to cabinet positions. [216] In response to this, Bhutto launched a massive campaign to make Pakistan a nuclear power. The outcome of the marriage resulted in two sons Neemli Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi. "[164] Yet, she later forged close relations with Indian communists even while using the army to break the Naxalites. I am not asking for anything unjust, but what is rightfully mine. In 1999, Indira Gandhi was named "Woman of the Millennium" in an online poll organised by the BBC. Indira's son, Sanjay selected his own loyalists to head the governments in these states. "[163] Critics have focused on the contradictions in the evolution of her stance towards communism. Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health (ಇಂದಿರಾಗಾಂಧಿ ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ) is a premier organization promoting tertiary level Child Health Care services. [2] She was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India. The party included right wing Hindu Nationalists, Socialists and former Congress party members. [215] Despite India being officially part of the Non-Aligned Movement, she gave Indian foreign policy a tilt towards the Soviet bloc. [47][48][49] The Garibi Hatao slogan and the proposed anti-poverty programs that came with it were designed to give Gandhi independent national support, based on the rural and urban poor. Other than that, we have the plan set up. The nobility responded by rallying around the Jana Sangh and other right-wing parties that stood in opposition to Gandhi's attempts to abolish royal privileges. Print. [42][43][44] Gandhi, in turn, floated her own faction of the Congress party and managed to retain most of the Congress MPs on her side with only 65 on the side of the Congress (O) faction. [145], The 1971 war became a temporary stumbling block in growing Indo-Iranian ties. [citation needed], Gandhi claimed that only "clear vision, iron will and the strictest discipline" can remove poverty. 1946). [41][45] The government responded by taking steps to liberalise the economy and agreeing to the devaluation of the currency in return for the restoration of foreign aid. Pankaj Vohra noted that "even the late prime minister's critics would concede that the maximum number of legislations of social significance was brought about during her tenure ... [and that] she lives in the hearts of millions of Indians who shared her concern for the poor and weaker sections and who supported her politics. The university later awarded her an honorary degree. [195] By doing this she had hoped to ward off the growing political conflict between Hindu and Sikh groups in the region. Visakhapatnam Tourism; Visakhapatnam Hotels; Visakhapatnam Bed and Breakfast; Visakhapatnam Vacation Rentals; Visakhapatnam Vacation Packages; Flights to Visakhapatnam [166], Under the 1950 Constitution of India, Hindi was to have become the official national language by 1965. Indira Gandhi’s Political career started quite early in her life serving her father on officially as his personal assistant when he was the first Prime Minister of India in the 1950’s. [23] There it was decided that Indira would continue her education at the University of Oxford. Indira Gandhi Biography For Students, Children Kids4Fun October 30, 2020 Biographies for Kids Leave a comment 7,363 Views Indira Gandhi was the first women Prime Minister and an important world stateswoman. Elections held soon after for legislative assemblies in States ruled by opposition parties resulted in Congress ministries in those states. [citation needed] She gave evidence in her defence during the trial. Now 45, Indira has gained a number of accolades and recognition in her search for her daughter last seen at 11 months old. Indira Gandhi Scholarship for Single Girl Child 2020 | Eligibility, Awards, Application Form: Indira Gandhi Scholarship for Single Girl Child is a UGC system launched with the goal of empowering women in our country through educational methods. [116] On a live TV show Rajiv Gandhi said of the carnage, "When a big tree falls, the earth shakes. [77] However, this strategy backfired disastrously. After this, public sector bank branch deposits increased by approximately 800 percent; advances took a huge jump by 11,000 percent. [94] In July 1982, he led the campaign for the implementation of the Anandpur Resolution, which demanded greater autonomy for the Sikh-majority state. "Flying kites, climbing trees, playing marbles with her boy cousins, Indir… That government had the distinction of being India's first-ever elected Communist Government. This time, it was passed successfully as the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India. [189] After becoming prime minister, Gandhi expressed her intention of nationalising the banks to alleviate poverty in a paper titled, "Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation". Indira Gandhi: An Intimate Biography. [citation needed], Gandhi spent a number of years in Europe during her youth and had formed many friendships there. The Janata coalition was only united by its hatred of Gandhi (or "that woman" as some called her). [14] She had a lonely and unhappy childhood. millions of acres of land were acquired and redistributed. India perceived ASEAN to be linked to the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and, therefore, it was seen as a pro-American organisation. I don't believe in words at all. [249], One of her legacies is supposed to be the systematic corruption of all parts of India's government from the executive to the judiciary due to her sense of insecurity. Her egalitarian upbringing with her cousins helped contribute to her sense of natural equality. [45] The remaining private sector industries were placed under strict regulatory control. [165][187], Despite the provisions, control and regulations of the Reserve Bank of India, most banks in India had continued to be owned and operated by private persons. Marriage and children On March 1942, Indira married Feroze Gandhi, one of her fellow students.Their marriage lasted for 18 years, until Feroze died of a heart attack in 1960. [185] Gandhi declared inflation the gravest of problems in 1974 (at 25.2%) and devised a severe anti-inflation program. [57][59] The judge, however, rejected the more serious charges of bribery, laid against her in the case.[57]. Their marriage lasted 18 years until he died of a heart attack in 1960. [171] To the rural and urban poor, untouchables, minorities and women in India, Gandhi was "Indira Amma or Mother Indira. South Asian History and Culture 1.4 (2010): 480–493. [168] Nevertheless, others were more convinced of Gandhi's sincerity and devotion to socialism. [186], The unemployment rate remained constant at 9% over a nine-year period (1971–80) before declining to 8.3% in 1983. She saw her own success as a woman, and also noted that: "Given the opportunity to develop, capable Indian women have come to the top at once. Establishment of close ties with the socialist and secular Baathist regimes to some extent neutralised Pakistani propaganda against India. I feel very let down by the government,” she told Malay Mail when contacted. In 1974, India ceded the tiny islet of Katchatheevu to Sri Lanka to save Bandaranaike's socialist government from a political disaster. [193] After nationalisation, the oil majors such as the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), the Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL) and the Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL) had to keep a minimum stock level of oil, to be supplied to the military when needed. "[45] Regardless of the controversy over the nature of the reforms, the long-term effects of the social changes gave rise to the prominence of middle-ranking farmers from intermediate and lower castes in North India. As prime minister, Gandhi was known for her political intransigency and unprecedented centralisation of power. [165], The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974–79) was enacted against the backdrop of the state of emergency and the Twenty Point Program of 1975. [192] Jayaprakash Narayan, who became famous for leading the opposition to Gandhi in the 1970s, solidly praised her nationalisation of banks. [199], Gandhi questioned the continued existence of a privy purse for former rulers of princely states. [185] On average, inflation in India had remained below 7% through the 1950s and 1960s. [5] In the Congress Party's parliamentary leadership election held in early 1966 (upon the death of Shastri), she defeated her rival Morarji Desai to become leader, and thus succeeded Shastri as Prime Minister of India. Given the opportunity to develop, capable Indian women have come to the top at once." [144] Gandhi's overtures to Muammar Gaddafi were rebuffed. [190] In 1969, Gandhi moved to nationalise fourteen major commercial banks. Relations with the US were strained badly under President Richard Nixon and his favouring of Pakistan during the Bangladesh liberation war. Suckered us ... this woman suckered us. Indira Gandhi, Letters to an American Friend. [91][92] Later, Bhindranwale's organisation, Damdami Taksal, became embroiled in violence with another religious sect called the Sant Nirankari Mission, and he was accused of instigating the murder of Jagat Narain, the owner of the Punjab Kesari newspaper. PW 5) Raina Anupuma, Lalwani Sanjeev, Dogra TD, Dept. 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