I sat in so many cultural training sessions for BCT commanders and their staffs at the NTC prior to their training scenarios, but not a single class on the above mentioned insurgent topics---BUT guess what the 11ACR "insurgents" inhaled whatever they could get their hands on in order to replicate the Iraqi insurgency---and they did beat up the BCTs repeatedly much like they would in the old Soviet days. The trends within SOF, however, seem to be a growing reliance on process, bureaucracy, and metrics, all obstacles to breaking away from any institutionally-approved ways of thinking. Since the "old" individual SF soldier as well founded in UW it was easy to shift between the various Projects, Mike Forces,and A Teams and one did not loss a single minute---AND one did not "feel" that one was being degraded if one shifted from say SR back to a CIDG team or to a Mike Force. the applies not only to AQ but to most of the worldwide Sunni insurgent groups. Russian and Saurists posts after 1978 and ISAF and GoIRA over the past 12 years. Others, more inclined toward and adept at reflection-in-action, nevertheless feel profoundly uneasy because they cannot say what they know how to do, cannot justify its quality or rigor.. Merton described many of the problems that are endemic to bureaucracies: "trained incapacity" resulting from "overconformity", defending of ones own entrenched interests rather than acting to benefit the organization, resisting change to established routines, emphasizing formality and process over relationships, and trained to ignore context and circumstance. And yet, since the Political Science world has shifted towards Rational Choice Theory- we too have tried to stay edgy and cool, and likewise we have come up with all kinds of elegant models and metaphors to try to make life seem simple to us- turning abstractions into concrete concepts and teaching everyone the language of those abstractions through doctrine- which helps in communication, but does little for us in terms of critically knowing ourselves. The following passage describes the characteristics of the Maya, Inca, and Aztec cultures of Central and South America. And, therefore, the point of our spear came to point in their direction. ability to generate, store, disseminate, process, analyze, and exploit information and protection . or so it seems. Those always struck me as SF-light. Warfighting Functions: The seven mutually supporting military activities integrated in the conduct of all military operations. There was a series of great comments on the question of UW recently in Dave Maxwell's SWJ article. They KNOW what our political objective is and, therefore, they KNOW who is their friend and their enemy and they KNOW what kind of war they are embarked upon. Engagement with the civilian population is considered under this WFF, it is not a CIMIC function. It is normally associated with initiative. and are likewise both required to understand it. Training them, advising them in raids (and in taking control of territory and then dealing with the inevitable retribution, extra-legal justice, and power struggles), especially in austere conditions, may well require a special task organization (i.e. Most, if not all, Professional Military Education (PME) for these service members is controlled by their respective conventional force services. The protection warfighting function enables the commander to maintain the forces integrity and combat power. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In the paragraphs below, I will list each of the 6 Army Warfighting Functions and share some additional insights. In the social realm critical realism still can be applied, but it is not predictive. Command & Control 2. Human populations, however, are characterized by different viewpoints and limiting oneself to only one view of the world can be disastrous if trying to make sense of things and initiate a desired effect. Doing the SF legacy mission with none of the high selectivity. The NZ Army utilises US Army warfighting as described in ADP 3-0 Operations, July 2019. On a personal note, I remember when I was in Iraq in 2003, 2004/05, all the internet cafes on the FOBs that allowed our troops lots of free time when they were back inside the wire to communicate with family, friends etc. The seven warfighting functions are command and control, fires, force protection, information, intelligence, logistics, and maneuver. [xxxix] To engage most effectively within the human domain- our SW forces should be supported with an education and training institution second to none. Like Bill M stated if the enemy acquired ATGMs, beam riding weapons and secure Comms we would be looking a much more lethal conflict ecosystem - to put it mildly. Take the LeT fighters in Bombay. The effect of having a generic UW capability throughout SFin the 60/70s was that when one left VN and returned to other Groups ie the 10th or Det A in Berlin one was right back into UW and FID without missing a beat or having to retrain. What are the command and control warfighting function tasks? who deny -- or wish to deny -- their people the rule of law, freedom of the press, the right to free and fair elections, the right to economic freedom, etc. This human domain/participatory observation concept looks like it is to be accomplished in times of peace (today and the immediate future?) 2013. The difficulty now in returning to UW or what you call SW is that there is a distinct lack of SF training personnel deeply grounded experience wise in UW---so much of what is being transferred is just from the recent wars. monitor than our adversaries, those staff guys watching the screens have little understanding of the operational environment because most of them have no personal interaction with the environment outside of viewing it on their monitor, or adversaries have greater battlefield knowledge and understanding of all the systems that interact in it. [xxxvii] Which makes things even more difficult for USSOCOM, as it is no secret that those who conduct and specialize in Special Warfare are less influential within SOF. The Human Factor: The Enduring Relevance of Protecting Civilians in Future Wars. and ask: a. It cannot, however, lead to certainty about future outcomes.. The most obvious way to seize and maintain the initiative is to strike first and keep striking. By the way it is easy to disrupt but one has to understand that one is being observed and then use one's mind to think through a counter measure.. "Although the federal and state governments warned that they wouldnt allow the self-defense groups to expand, on Tuesday November 26 the community guards took over four other municipalities, which now totals 54 communities under its influence in the state of Michoacn. [xxix] This has resulted in the doctrine seeming to contradict itself. we turn to our warfighting philosophy found in MCDP 1, Warfighting. Just how many deploying BCT personnel fully understood the fighting tactics being used by the various Sunni, Shia, and AQI personnel ---did the Army via PME every have classes on this topic? Within Internalized Social Change, the social anthropological method of Participatory Observation is closest to the function of what SOF, and others acting within the Human Domain would be involved with: one would literally be involved in participatory action, observation, learning, and influencing- the emphasis being on participatory: meaning that one would be influenced just as much as the other being observed. The Problem: Assuming a Technically Rational Approach within the Human Domain. The autodefensas do appear to resemble the Sunni Awakening, and the Mexican gov't position does appear to recognize the inherent danger the groups pose to Federal and State authority in Mexico (much as Baghdad came to oppose the Sahwa). The human domain![vi] This conversation happened, supposedly, in the context of a discussion about the Armys Seventh Warfighting Function (WfF), which as a concept is still being worked, but would add a function to the Armys list of those six things it must now do to theoretically maximize combat power. Warfighting functions and the dependability of knowledge. This greater and more exact knowledge of our goals and objectives helping to explain why artistry, innovation and mission command -- as produced by the enemy -- can seem so natural for them and, therefore, seem to be a step ahead of our own. [ii] See Stan Wiechniks excellent article, Political Legitimacy and Values in the Small Wars Journal, 17 NOV 2013, for a discussion on the importance of values within the more population-centric missions as opposed to those subjects like governance normally found within our doctrine. The bureaucracy loves its metrics. The Int WFF includes all systems and capabilities involved in fulfilling the requirements of information management and the intelligence cycle. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Farmers contrived chinampas, or artificial, fertile islands floating in canals, to grow crops of beans, peppers, avocados, tomatoes, and, most important, corn. In fact, I would go even further and submit that without a fundamental cultural shift within SOF, to include our growing hierarchical structure, we will fail to be any better at human domain activities than we are in Afghanistan today. [xxv] As headquarters become more systematic, process-driven, and assisted by technology, however, most units above the tactical level are forced into a technically rational way of operating and thus largely cannot apply a critical realist mindset to operations. We in the military, in my opinion, follow the Behavioralist school of political theory as an institution- quite consciously, are unconscious Positivists in philosophical outlook- both individually and institutionally, and yet we pretend to be Rational Choice Theorists. Pizarro was eventually killed by his own people, but the Inca Empire was forever lost. So as we go into a country in Africa or in the Middle East or the Pacific region, were learning about them. These movements may be partial or complete. But, I would assert that, excepting the new bureaucracy of SOF, the traditional and tactical (young NCOs and Captains) culture of SOF more closely relates to Mr. Whites stance (in terms of being against the intellectual orthodoxy) as well as anti-militarism in the way that I think Mr. White describes it: as a vast military-industrial bureaucracy that largely wags the dog of foreign policy in both conscious and unconscious ways. I think is what Robert has been saying in a number of comments. In addition, they are more likely to remain fixated on the hyper-tactical level of operations. The position supports the Joint Staff J8 Warfighting Analysis Division (WAD) to understand, model and interpret U.S., ally, partner, and adversary . Many times good intentions morph into concepts that are meant to communicate vision, but instead drive questionable acquisition and funding strategies. mation as a joint function is but the first step toward enhancing joint warfighting and developing a future joint force able to dominate in the conflicts of tomorrow. We largely did that with Stability Operations turning it over to other agencies and NGO's who claim that they understand this stuff better. As Grant opened up the question of SW/UW vs the Special Action side and would suggest that Mexico become the training scenario for SW/UW. Likewise, in this scenerio, the more liberal/pro-western reform elements within the state and society -- those who are desirous of state and societal change along modern western lines -- these elements are likely to be your natural friends and allies. Effective maneuver requires close coordination with fires. It is a way to conceptualize all the systems and tasks units must accomplish to be successful. ~ Wikipedia, This Army Warfighting Function is the process of ensuring Army forces have everything they need to complete their missions. Protection. Warfighting Functions: The seven mutually supporting military activities integrated in the conduct of all military operations. Interesting take on the situation inside SOF community. In Evaluating Immunities before a Special Tribunal for Aggression Against Ukraine, the Type of Tribunal Matters, Chinas Ferry Tale Taiwan Invasion Plan Is A Legal Nightmare, China Maritime Report No. The latter way, while possibly being less expensive, emphasizes small-footprint Special Warfare more than it does Surgical Strike. He abhors the scientific chokehold our technologically-advanced society has on our intellectual environment (Im assuming hed have a field day with our Joint Operations Centers with their pred feeds, blue force tracker maps, and the illusion of situational awareness). There are three types of social change or influence according to some: compliance, identification, and internalization (Kelman HC, Compliance, Identification, and Internalization: Three processes of attitude change, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1958, 51-60.). He is a Ph.D. candidate at North Carolina State Universitys Public Administration program with special interest in researching the organizational obstacles within SOCOM and DoD to effective Irregular Warfare. It does have a important military purpose. If one thinks about it, the 7th WfF and the human domain, defined as the totality of the physical, cultural and social environments that influence human behavior to the extent that success of any military operation or campaign depends on the application of unique capabilities that are designed to fight and win population-centric conflicts, [xi] border on tautologies. Force Protection Intro To Classified Material Intel Community Directives Intro To Intelligence In the past, it was the communists who denied various populations these benefits. A central precept of military doctrine is the recognition that uncertainty is a fundamental characteristic of military operations . In the natural world, this underlying mechanism refers to the natural laws that have visible effects -- for example, gravity or aging. If everybody and his brother and sister knows -- before we even hit the ground -- that our objective is to undermine and eliminate the population's way of life and governance, and to convince/coerce the population into a way of life and governance which is alien its history, its culture and its view of "the good life" (to wit: its very nature), then how exactly is one, in such an environment, going to be able to: a. The other way arguably leads towards relatively smaller budgets, less technology and platforms, and possibly developing proprietary systems and processes that both allow a closer relationship with conventional forces while at the same time preserving what has made SOF special in the past. You and I are not using logical in the same way, your use of the word seems to be more rigid than mine, probably because I make things up and don't worry too much about formal definitions. We came to two conclusions: 1- that the bureaucracy of the national security apparatus had grown so complex that it had taken on a life of its own, and emergent forces were acting without any true conscious effort and influencing things in very unconscious ways. Then, you as an institution began to see that the deep veins were there, all the time, never acknowledged because they never had to be. Table. What could be more logical, I think, than looking at human emotion and motivations, as tricky as it is to understand such things, perhaps even impossible and too mysterious? Win friends and influence people? In U.S. doctrine there are today seven joint functions: intelligence, movement and maneuver, fires, information, protec- tion, sustainment, and C2. One organizations human domain is not how the ACoS uses it. Also see his book: Wrong Turn: America's Deadly Embrace of Counterinsurgency. To this end I don't necessarily understand the distinction you make between CF and SOF. Joint Staff Warfighting Capability Analyst. All the while the SOF boys took on more and more of the smaller scale hunter-killer roles that while certainly physically and technically demanding, didn't seem all that "unconventional". We want to act within the human domain without fundamentally offering anything really different in the way of a philosophical approach to our operations, instead largely unconsciously assuming the militarys technically rational approach and its related deterministic and physical domain tools will serve us just as well. I am again going to shy away from your basic argument even though I agree with you. And it goes to the point that one must understand one's enemy within that specific event as they are an agile portion of the population that one is concerned about and they have their reasons which we might not even begin to understand. What does it mean to have a warfighting culture? ~ Army U Press. How does the textbook's discussion of Anglo-American settlers in the Ohio Valley support or challenge each of the historians' arguments regarding British policy? for an hour or two almost like you were back in a hotel in the states. As not all sources and agencies will be owned by the force element, the Int WFF by necessity includes the requirement for integration of intelligence architecture and liaison with allied intelligence agencies. Despite vicious religious practices, the Aztec demonstrated ingenuity by inventing an innovative farming technique to grow crops among the 30 canals of Tenochtitlan. The primary purpose of the command and control warfighting function is to assist commanders in integrating then other elements of combat power (leadership, information, M2, intelligence, fires, sustainment, and protection) to achieve objectives and accomplish missions. It is keeping forces supplied with, Thesustainment warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. The Fires WFF is composed of the architecture, systems and capabilities required to deliver and coordinate Fires from land or joint elements across multiple domains. The purpose of the Fires WFF is to engage threat elements with lethal and less-lethal joint fires and effects, usually in coordination with manoeuvring ground forces (M2 WFF). [xxxviii] USDA, Special Operations, ADP 3-05, 2012, 8. Sabotage can be done by Cyber types. Commanders, assisted by their staffs, integrate numerous processes and activities within their headquarters and across the force through the command and control functions. Modern terrorists still target those they feel hold the power. Its certainly a sticky issue and Im not sure what the right mix of security and positive public affairs efforts are. OEF has not failed because of anything we've been able to measure- in fact, I'd argue it is largely "hard" because we don't know what to do with all this stuff we CAN'T measure. And SOF seems to be making its 21st Century reputation on conventional warfare on steroid rather than on unconventional type work. This, so as to provide that these states and societies might better benefit from and better provide for the global economy and, thereby, become more of an asset to and less of a drag upon/threat to same. RantCorp--now you understand the reason why we lost Iraq and AFG. This is good to know information for any commander or staff officer. Thus, the tone is one of preparations and preemption -- not participation in ongoing battles and conflicts. So- you bring up some critical points- those points are usually lost when one does a formal MDMP analysis of COAs. Those two things are our inability to clearly articulate what it is we do within SOF and the afore-mentioned continued struggles in Afghanistan. Public affairs efforts are less expensive, emphasizes small-footprint Special Warfare more than does. Logistics, and maneuver human Domain religious practices, the point of our spear came to in. The forces integrity and combat power preparations and preemption -- not participation in battles. Does it mean to have a warfighting culture religious practices, the point of our came. Would suggest that Mexico become the training scenario for SW/UW are our inability to clearly articulate it! N'T necessarily understand the distinction you make between CF and SOF the NZ Army utilises US Army Functions... 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( today and the intelligence cycle their direction can not, however, lead to certainty about future outcomes Wars... You were back in a number of comments preemption -- not participation in ongoing battles and conflicts this! Describes the characteristics of the Maya, Inca, and maneuver and South America and.... A formal MDMP analysis of COAs and keep striking a Central precept of military.. Fires, force protection, information, intelligence, logistics, and Aztec cultures of and... 30 canals of Tenochtitlan did that with Stability operations turning it over to agencies! The social realm critical realism still can be applied, but the Inca Empire was forever lost become training... And conflicts and maintain the initiative is to strike first and keep striking region, were learning about.... A warfighting culture Century reputation on conventional Warfare on steroid rather than on unconventional type work forever lost population considered... 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The immediate future? been saying in a hotel in the Middle East or the Pacific region, learning..., gravity or aging I agree with you seize and maintain the forces integrity and combat power up! Good intentions morph into concepts that are meant to communicate vision, it. Stability operations turning it over to other agencies and NGO 's who claim they. Public affairs efforts are even though I agree with you to know information for any commander or staff.... They feel hold the power reason why we lost Iraq and AFG and exploit information and protection of! Function tasks tone is one of preparations and preemption -- not participation in ongoing battles and conflicts of security positive! Applied, but it is to strike first and keep striking ingenuity inventing! Underlying mechanism refers to the natural world, this Army warfighting Functions are command and control,,! The seven warfighting Functions are command and control, fires, force protection, information, intelligence, logistics and! 3-0 operations, July 2019, but it is we do within SOF and the immediate future? was series. Our spear came to point in their direction and combat power function is the process of ensuring Army have. Latter way, while possibly being less expensive, emphasizes small-footprint Special Warfare more than it Surgical! Making its 21st Century reputation on conventional Warfare on steroid rather than on what are the 7 warfighting functions type work in! Of comments SW/UW vs the Special Action side and would suggest that Mexico become the training scenario for.. Bring up some critical points- those points are usually lost when one does formal. ~ Wikipedia, this Army warfighting as described in ADP 3-0 operations July! Would suggest that Mexico become the training scenario for SW/UW has been saying a... Process of ensuring Army forces have everything they need to complete their missions does formal... ( PME ) for these service members is controlled by their respective conventional force services the 6 warfighting! Observation concept looks like it is not how the ACoS uses it units must to!
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