Women and girls may be attacked as they look for firewood or water outside the camp, and As financial resources are depleted, adolescent girls are married off at increasingly younger ages. The UN said at least 60 were killed in the attack. Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us to learn about the Lost Boys of Sudan and the refugee experience, map the Lost Boys migration journey, and discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities as Dinka. 30.2.2: Rising Discontent in Russia. Students learn where the Lost Boys are from and how they got their name. Some popular beverages of Sudan are fruit juices, a drink called Hilumur made of corn flour and spices, Sudanese coffee, fruit, and herbal teas, etc. Corruption is rampant and this poses a huge obstacle to economic growth. But the root of this war was not ethnic strife, says expert Alex de Waal in an interview. Then discuss the historical, cultural, and geographic factors that contributed to Sudans civil war and some of the consequences the civil warwhich lasted over twenty yearshad on Sudan and its peoples, including orphaned children, violence, famine, and disease. How Bad Is Ukraines Humanitarian Crisis a Year Later? Preteach or review relevant vocabulary, including: Have students make connections to their own lives to make sure they understand each concept. While women and girls in Sudan already face challenges due to their gender, these challenges . Then ask students to write a brief summary describing who the Lost Boys are and what they experienced. 25. The organization of a surra depended on the number of cattle and the distribution of their ownership among the surras members. Locally, there was a descending hierarchy of hereditary fief stewards, village heads, and, lastly, heads of households. Read about our approach to external linking. Machar fled the country and was eventually detained in South Africa. In all these poorly institutionalized societies, thats what tends to happen. mechanisms that allow for the rapid reallocation of. Barrie novel, and the media picked up on this; the group is now known collectively as The Lost Boys of Sudan. Review the vocabulary in this new context.3. Katherine Noel, Interviewer Alex de Waal, Interviewee. Another impact on Africa is that the conflict is just consuming a huge amount of diplomatic, political, and humanitarian energy and money in a region that is facing many, many other threats, some of which have a bigger strategic significance. transportation of people to a new residential area, usually following a natural or man-made disaster. Go to National Geographic's Sudan Facts page and invite volunteers to take turns reading aloud the information. what new things the Lost Boys experienced on the journey from Kenya to the U.S. Dinka homelands in southern Sudan to refugee camps in western Ethiopia, refugee camps in western Ethiopia, across the border into Sudan, and to Kakuma refugee camp in northwestern Kenya, explain who the Lost Boys of Sudan are and how they got that name, locate northern Sudan, southern Sudan, and the Dinka homeland on a world map, describe the experiences of the Lost Boys in Sudan and after they fled Sudan, map the routes the Lost Boys took on their migration journey from Sudan to the United States, map the routes the Lost Boys took within the United States, describe the challenges of displaced peoples, describe American culture in their own words, answer questions about the Lost Boys and cultural identity after watching videos, Tech Setup: 1 computer per classroom, Projector, Speakers. Tribalism, as a theory is based on variables such as combinations of kingship-based, Backgrounder While women and girls in Sudan already face challenges due to their gender, these challenges become more pronounced when they are living in displacement camps as a result of violence in their communities. What this meant was that the actual mechanisms for the political management of South Sudan collapsed. Introduce the vocabulary word diaspora and have students add routes to their maps.Explain to students that the vocabulary word diaspora refers to the migration of a people away from an established homeland, or the displacement of a people. So South Sudan should, in my view, be suspended from the African Union. Protestors targeted the regime of Sudan's longtime president, Omar al-Bashir, winning his ouster after three decades of rule on April 11, 2019. resources in response to evolving crises (including. Most of the Sudanese people are Sunni Muslims. Sudan has been described as "Africa in microcosm.' Formerly a single country, political conflict between North and South spawned its ongoing civil war through the second half of the 20th century which eventually culminated in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, and the secession of South Sudan in 2011. Girls play in an internally displaced persons (IDP) camp outside the UN base in Malakal, South Sudan on July 24, 2014. In eastern . First, have students save a map for their group to work on. Under Tsar Nicholas II (reigned 1894-1917), the Russian Empire slowly industrialized amidst increased discontent and dissent among the lower classes. In the economic and religious spheres, the clan did not exercise influence, but it did impose upon its members the collective duty of blood feud in the case of homicide between clans. Yemens internal divisions and a Saudi-led military intervention have spawned an intractable political, military, and humanitarian crisis. Traditionally, among the Otoro there were no political offices, only a special hereditary ritual officethat of chief of the Path, who acted as intermediary in peace negotiations between conflicting parties. Ask groups to mark the routes the Lost Boys took. Talks between the ruling generals and the protest organisers, who have come together under the umbrella group Forces of Freedom and Change, initially showed little sign of progress, but they eventually came to an agreement. In May 2014, the Security Council voted in a rare move to shift the missions mandate from nation-building to civilian protection, authorizing UN troops to use force. 1. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. UNMISS began to scale back personnel at these civilian protection sites in Fall 2020 in favor of responding more flexibly to violence in the country, raising questions about the return of refugees and government provision of security across the country. Moreover, the countrys two leadersKiir and Macharwere the primary instigators of rival factions in the civil war that began in 2013, and the peace between them is fragile. The Bambara people of Sudan are famous for their wood-carved antelope headdresses that have immense cultural significance. Terrorist groups in Sudan may harm Westerners and Western interests through suicide operations, bombings, shootings, and kidnappings. World Relief Sudan was recently awarded $900,000 in emergency funds fromthe Sudan Humanitarian Fund (through theUNDP) to provide immediate humanitarian assistance. The UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan said on Friday that lack of progress in implementing key provisions of a 2018 peace deal contributes to the persistent insecurity and impunity which allows violations to occur. In addition to the COVID-19 health crisis in a country with few resources to combat the pandemic, more than seven million people are severely food insecure as of April 2021, and insecurity continues to negatively affect humanitarian supply routes. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar The geographical variations in the country have given birth to regional cultural differences. Each major ethnic group and historical region has its own special forms of cultural expression. In South Sudan, it was just either stolen by elites or spent on the military. Washington, DC 20036, Careers| Ironworkers were a despised class not allowed to intermarry with ordinary Fur. The unrest in Sudan can be traced back to December 2018, when then President Bashir's government imposed emergency austerity measures to try to stave off economic collapse. The other key provision in the Constitutive Act is for forcible intervention in the case of genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. Increasing intercommunal violence and attacks, the threat of the peace process unraveling, and dire humanitarian conditions across large swaths of South Sudan has placed renewed urgency on improving security and meeting basic protection needs for South Sudans civilians. Whatever you may think of the Ethiopian governmentand their human rights record leaves a lot to be desiredif you go to Ethiopia, you see that that money is being used for public gooda lot of infrastructure, a lot of health servicesa huge physical material transformation of the country and economic development. "There is consensus amongst key stakeholders that while some progress has been made in implementing the Revitalised Agreement, critical elements involving security . They are taught gender-based skills at an early age. Have students make predications about the challenges of displacement.Discuss the challenges of displacement, including retaining culture, traditions, language, and other factors that are tied to a people's homeland. And on that basis, then [they can] begin a process of national political dialogue and nation-building, backed by the military force of neighboring countries. The seven-member Transitional Military Council (TMC) is led by Lt-Gen Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan. Modern Sudanese literature focusses on social realist and other themes. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. The Constitutive Act of the AU contains a couple of key provisions. One issue here is, yes, just the general impunity that these combatants have enjoyed. by Kali Robinson In the worst such case, dozens of people were killed - and some had their bodies thrown into the River Nile - in a crackdown on protesters in the capital, Khartoum on 3 June. Have students locate Sudan on the map.Ask students to locate Sudan on a wall map of the world. KEYWORDS: South Sudan, Civil War, Ethnicity, Political Instability, National Interests, Humanitarian Crisis INTRODUCTION Africa as a whole is in chaos. Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History, This lists the logos of programs or partners of NG Education which have provided or contributed the content on this page. Arranged marriages are the norm in Sudanese society. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Theyve not yet been documented fully, but thats just because of lack of time and lack of access. with James M. Lindsay and Michelle Gavin Relief workers called them the Lost Boys after the characters in the J.M. National Council for Social Studies Curriculum Standards, Activity 2: Mapping the Migration of the Lost Boys, Activity 3: Cultural Identity of the Lost Boys. After its independence in 2011, how did South Sudan so suddenly fall into a political crisis? Together, these conflicts displaced more than 3 million people; while some repatriation has taken place, about 3.04 million IDPs remained in Sudan as of February 2022. the way a person views themselves in relation to the learned characteristics and behaviors of a group or community. What happened during the 3 June massacre? And then Riek Machar, not having the wherewithal of the government, not having the resources that the government had to try and construct a multiethnic coalition by buying in diverse members of the elite, immediately fell back upon ethnic mobilization because it was very quick and it was very cheap. Build background.Ask students if theyre familiar with Peter Pans Lost Boyscharacters in the J.M. The AU has the legal mechanisms required to intervene very forcefully in South Sudan. systems and contractual relationships with the. The rights of the village were vested in its inhabitants jointly. A combination of a hubris arising from international indulgence post-independence and an excess of money meant that the countrys political elites made some catastrophic errors, including shutting down their national oil production six months after independence because of a dispute with the northern Sudanese. What cultural aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? There was little formal education among the Otoro, Humr Baqqrah, and Fur. And the most sensible proposal for that is for the regional protection force to take control of the capital city and remove other armed groups there, and create within the capital city a protected space for political dialogue, civic dialogue, where all South Sudanese civil and political forces can be represented in a nonviolent manner. Is this enough to spur compliance? Our emergency response thus far has included provision of potable water andemergency latrines, hygiene promotion training, mobile health services for pregnant women and children under fiveand distribution of basic non-food items for 39,000 internally displaced persons. From being a vast, diverse country at war with itself, Sudan has split in . A small community of Christians also live there. The military and protesters have reached several agreements fleshing out the details of a power-sharing arrangement, with each side trying to overcome suspicion and build a working relationship. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. She is passionate about equity and honor for underrepresented groups, both locally and internationally. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the Darfur region in western Sudan. This series is made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. How and why does political identity default to ethnic identity in conflicts like the civil war in South Sudan? The cycle of public protests which started in 2018 appears to have no end with the army not being comfortable to share the power with civilians, far from the public demand of handing it over to civilians. Feuding between hill communities was constant, but members of the same hill community could not kill one another. 2023 BBC. 26. List each route on the board: 2. learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material goods. Explain to students that Sudans second civil war was caused by conflicts between northern and southern Sudan over oil and religion. Explain that there is a group of over 25,000 young Dinka men who ran away from a civil war. The Khartoum League, one of the continents oldest football leagues, is also located in the country. Soon after his return, violence broke out between government forces and opposition factions, once more displacing tens of thousands of people. The routes the Lost Boys are from and how they got their name Humr Baqqrah, and kidnappings detained. And why does political identity default to ethnic identity in conflicts like the civil war in South Africa South! War with itself, Sudan has split in, just the general impunity that these combatants have.! Little formal education among the lower classes realist and other themes of cattle and the distribution their. An interview obstacle to economic growth or spent on the map.Ask students locate. 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